Morphemic Analysis: A strategy in which the meanings of words can be determined or inferred by examining their meaningful parts (i.e., prefixes, suffixes, roots, etc.).
(http://reading.uoregon.edu/big_ideas/voc/voc_skills_goals.php)
Morphemic Analysis is important because when a student hones this skill, they are able to decode and encode words much more quickly and accurately. Prefixes, suffixes, roots, and etc... have unchanging meanings which makes them very reliable.
Etymology: The study of the origin and history of words, or a study of this type relating to one particular word.
(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/etymology)
Etymology is important because it really aids students who are in the derivational relations stage of reading and writing. Engaging in the study of words' origins and backgrounds can help students better understand its meaning and can also make the word much more memorable.
Stem: The part of an inflected words that remains after the inflected part is removed; strength is the stem of strengths.
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stem)
Stems are important for students to learn because they are key word segments that contribute to a word's meaning. It is necessary to know how to identify and separate stems from other word parts such as prefixes and suffixes because each part has its own meaning.
Free Morpheme: A free morpheme is a morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word.
(https://www.thoughtco.com/free-morpheme-words-and-word-parts-1690872)
Free morphemes are important because they need to be understood and respected as word parts that have their own meaning when separated from other word parts. Students need to know that they can use certain morphemes as stand-alone words because this will aid them in writing and understanding text when they read.
Bound Morpheme: Morphemes that can only be attached to another part of a word (cannot stand alone) are called bound morphemes.
(https://vlearn.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/wordformation/internalstructure/freemorphemes/)
Bound morphemes are important in the same way that free morphemes are important in the sense that they need to be understood and able to be identified as word parts that have their own meaning but cannot be used by themselves. This will aid in writing and comprehending text.
Concept Sorts: A vocabulary and comprehension strategy used to familiarize students with the vocabulary of a new topic or book. Teachers provide students with a list of terms or concepts from reading material. Students place words into different categories based on each word's meaning. Categories can be defined by the teacher or by the students.
(https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_sort)
Concept sorts are important because they serve as a great, interactive activity for students to learn content specific words and meanings and differentiate the words from one another based off of their definitions. It really familiarizes students with words they are about to be heavily exposed to and also helps these words really stick within these students' minds.
Absorbed/Assimilated Prefix: When the spelling and pronunciation of a prefix is changed and assimilated/combines with a neighboring sound so that the word is easier to pronounce.
(https://vocablog-plc.blogspot.com/2011/09/assimilated-prefixes-in-mortalized-in.html)
Absorbed prefixes are important because they could trick students unless taught and studied upon. They also tend to take away from the morphology of a word because bound morphemes (that have their own meanings) are being combined into other word parts and losing their importance.
Consonant/Vowel Alternation: A differentiation in the spelling and/or sound of a consonant or vowel depending on where it is written/spoken.
(https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-alternation-language-1688981)
Consonant/vowel alternation is important to understand because it could heavily confuse students who are new to learning about word segments. Students need to be taught about this global phenomena because they will come across it and we as teachers don't want them to fall victim to extreme misunderstandings.
Reduced Vowels: It means that a vowel sound is pronounced [ə] or [ɪ] instead of another full vowel. For example, the letter <a> in the word about is not pronounced [ɑ] that is present in the word father.
(https://www.wordstress.info/word-stress/word-stress-vowel-reduction/)
Reduced vowels are important to teach and understand because it confused, they could lead to misspelled and mispronounced words.
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